In acute stress, catecholamines mobilize glucose and fatty acids for energy and prepare the heart, lungs, and muscles for action, while glucocorticoids protect against overreactions from the body’s responses to stress. The steroid hormones of the cortex and the catecholamines of the medulla probably developed as protection against immediate stress or injury and more prolonged deprivation of food and water. The basic function of the adrenal glands is to protect the organism against acute and chronic stress, a concept popularized as the fight-or-flight response for the medulla and as the alarm reaction for the cortex.
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